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GUIDELINES FOR CONTRIBUTORS (effective beginning with vol. 20, 2007)
1. Editorial Policy
AJN publishes original research in all areas of numismatics, in the form of articles or short notes, as well as book reviews. Articles relating numismatic research to wider questions of economic and social history, archaeology, and related disciplines are particularly welcome.
All submissions are subject to peer review for appropriateness, accuracy, and quality of scholarship. Participants in the review process include the director, the editor, relevant curator(s), members of the editorial board, and other outside readers.
Authors are responsible for the content and accuracy of their papers and for the legality of their work. Authors are responsible for obtaining written permission for any use of material (illustrations, tables, extended passages of text, etc.) protected by copyright laws. A manuscript submitted to the ANS for publication must not be under consideration by any other publisher at the same time and must not have been previously published in any form. Before publication, authors must sign a copyright release form transferring copyright to the ANS.
Authors are not remunerated for their contributions. Twenty-five offprints, however, are provided free of charge to the principal author of any work published in AJN; additional offprints may be purchased by the authors if desired (they must be ordered before publication).
Any items receiving their primary publication in AJN must be identified adequately for scholarly reference. In particular, the owners or possessors, whether private or institutional, of the items at the time the research was conducted must be identified in the publication. This does not apply to discussion based on descriptions or depictions of items in prior publications (including sale catalogues).
2. Preparation of the Manuscript
The manuscript should be submitted as hard copy printed on letter-size (8.5 x 11 inches or A4) paper. The text should be double-spaced throughout, with margins of at least 1 inch (2.5 cm) on all sides, and set in a 12-point font. The right margin should not be justified, and word-wrap (line breaks within a word) should not be used. The total length of an article, including all notes and references, should be less than 12,000 words.
Along with the hard copy, the manuscript should be submitted as a computer file on a floppy disk, CD-ROM, or Zip disk. The editorial office currently uses Mac OS X and Windows 98; the text should be in a standard format such as RTF, plain (ASCII or Unicode) text, or Microsoft Word. Any images that are submitted in digital form should be included on the disk when the article is submitted (see 5.0).
If any non-Roman writing systems are used within the article, please provide the exact details of the character encoding system and font used in the digital file (include the font on the disk with the manuscript) and a clear transliteration, in case retyping is necessary.
The manuscript should contain the following elements:
The figure list should be a complete, sequential list of all plates, figures, charts, and tables to be included with the article. For illustrations, clearly indicate whether they are to be printed as plates (printed at high resolution on coated paper and bound at the end of the volume) or as figures (printed within the article on ordinary paper). In general, coins and other objects whose description or comparison is the object of an article are usually printed as plates, while charts, line drawings, graphs, and items shown to exemplify or illustrate a statement are printed as figures. The figure list should also include any captions or legends for figures and any titles for tables.
3. Plates and Figures
The principal form of illustration for most articles will usually be plates printed on coated paper and bound separately from the article at the end of the volume; some articles make use of photographs, line drawings, or charts printed with the text also. For plates, authors should preferably submit prepared plates if possible, containing black-and-white glossy photographs at 1:1 scale on white illustration board (mounting board), contained within an area of 7.25 x 5 inches (18 x 12 cm). Images are not currently printed in color in AJN.
Alternatively, if an article does not include enough images to fill a single plate, or if images must be submitted in electronic form rather than as film photographs, the photographs may be submitted as black-and-white or color prints or transparencies at 1:1 scale or as 600-dpi grayscale TIFF files at 1:1 scale (if images are at some scale other than 1:1, their scale should be indicated clearly on the figure list). JPEG format (300 dpi or better) may be used for figures to be printed at low resolution, but it is not appropriate for images to be printed as plates. Each image should be in a separate file. Do not embed images within Microsoft Word documents.
In order to allow space for page margins and figure legends, figures and charts must be contained within a smaller area than plates, 6 x 4.5 inches (15 x 11 cm). When creating figures and charts, keep in mind that they will have to be reduced if they are larger than this size, thus potentially affecting readability of type.
In some situations, authors will want to use photographs at some scale other than 1:1. This is may occur, for example, when enlargements are needed to depict details or small coins clearly, or when reduction is necessary for images of large items such as paper money to fit on a single page. In such situations the image should be provided at the desired scale rather than at 1:1, and the actual scale should be indicated clearly in the plate and the figure list.
Line drawings may also be included in the plates on occasion, if needed to highlight details in an unclear photograph.
Figures to be printed within the text (as opposed to plates) will not necessarily be reproduced to scale unless this is specified in the figure list.
4. Tables
Tables may be set up either using the Table editor in Microsoft Word or using tabs to align items in columns. Please do not use the space bar to align items in tables. When using tabs to align items in Word, set the positions of the tabs so that only one tab is needed for each column. Each table must have a number and/or a title.
The total width of the table should not exceed sixty characters if it must be placed upright (“portrait”) on the page; the absolute maximum is about 105 characters if it can be placed in “landscape” position. Tables should have at least two columns (a one-column table is a list, and should be placed within the text rather than separated out as a table).
AJN STYLE GUIDE
The following notes are not a complete guide but should provide clarification on some specific points. For matters not addressed here, the 15th edition of Chicago Manual of Style (hereafter, CMS 15) should be taken as a guide. Style manuals vary considerably; when in doubt, please follow CMS 15.
Dates
Dates are given in the order “month day, year” (e.g., November 8, 1976). When it is necessary to distinguish eras, either BC/AD or BCE/CE (in capital letters, without punctuation) may be used. For indicating the Islamic era, please use AH as opposed to H. Abbreviations for eras other than the Christian or Islamic should be spelled out at first use. Note also that AD and AH traditionally precede the year, whereas BC follows it (e.g., AH 674, AD 1492, 33 BC).
Footnotes
Footnotes should not be used for ordinary citations (see the “Citations and References” section, below, for a discussion of the preferred citation format). Footnotes may be used where it is necessary to add parenthetic commentary.
Italics, Capitals, and Quotation Marks
The usage of italics and capitals and the placement of punctuation within or without quotation marks should follow the guidelines set out in CMS 15, §7.49–7.81. For issues involving quotation marks, see CMS 15, §6.120.
Numerals
Following CMS 15 §9.3, spell out all numbers up to and including one hundred. An important exception regards percentages, which are given as numerals (i.e., “twenty-three people attended the lecture,” but “23 percent of the faculty attended.” This is detailed in CMS 15 §9.19.
Contra CMS 15 §9.64, give all inclusive ranges in full (e.g., 121–165 and 1103–1104, not 121–65 and 1103–4). This is the “foolproof” system given as an option in CMS 15 §9.65.
Statistics
If a conclusion is indicated to be of statistical significance, the basic details of the statistical test must be provided: test used, significance level, and the value of the test statistic and any other values needed to interpret it (sample size, degrees of freedom, p value, etc.).
Units of Measurement
For most purposes, standard metric units of measurement should be used. When abbreviated, the standard Système International abbreviations (CMS 15, §15.57) should be used (e.g., “g” with no period, for “grams”). However, when specifically relevant to the coins being studied, other units of measurement may be more suitable (e.g., grains or troy ounces for nineteenth-century U.S. coinage).
Citations and References
Citations should use the author-date system (described in CMS 15, §16.90–16.120). Citations are placed within the text, rather than in footnotes, and an alphabetical listing of all references cited is placed at the end of the text.
The citations in the text are given in parentheses by author, date, and page number; e.g., (Shiftlet 1947, 143) or (Crater 1951, 22, 24–31) or (Motes 1945–1946, plate 4 no. 1).
Pre-modern works should be cited in traditional form by author (if known), title (if necessary), and section (using Arabic numerals separated by periods): (Aristotle Ath. Pol. 27.4; Thucydides 2.24.1; Epit. de Caes. 34). If the text of the work is quoted directly, the edition or translation quoted should be included in the reference list. Well-known numismatic works may also be cited by standard abbreviations rather than by author and date (IGCH 2013); in this case the work should be listed in the references by its abbreviation first, with full bibliographic information following an equals mark. (MEC = Grierson, P., and M. Blackburn. 2000. Medieval European coinage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.)
Bibliographic Style
All works cited should be listed in the References section in alphabetical order (by name used in citations). A “down” (sentence-case) capitalization style is used for titles of articles and books; titles of books and journals are in italics, titles of articles or chapters are in roman type without quotation marks, and titles of series are also in roman type. The author’s given name may be either abbreviated or spelled out; alphabetization of the author’s name ignores articles or prepositions that are treated as such in ordinary usage (e.g., al-Naqshbandi and a Flemish van Noort would both be placed under “N,” but an American Van Noort would usually be placed under “V”). Complete standard bibliographic information should be provided, including publisher and edition (where relevant) for books and full page range for articles and chapters.
The following examples demonstrate the preferred bibliographic format.
(book)
Barral i Altet, Xavier. 1976. La circulation des monnaies suèves et visigotiques: contribution à la histoire économique du royaume visigot. Beihefte der Francia 4. München: Artemis Verlag.
(book referred to in text by abbreviation)
IGCH = Thompson, M., O. Mørkholm, and C. M. Kraay, eds. 1973. An inventory of Greek coin hoards. New York: American Numismatic Society.
(article)
Lafaurie, J., and C. Morrisson. 1987. La pénétration des monnaies byzantines en Gaule mérovingienne et visigothique du VIe au VIIIe siècle. Revue Numismatique 29: 38–98.
(contribution to an edited volume)
Keay, S. 1998. African amphorae. In Ceramica in Italia, VI—VII secolo, edited by L. Saguì, 141–155. Firenze: Edizioni all’Insegna del Giglio.
(auction catalogue)
Bowers & Ruddy Galleries. 1980. The Garrett collection, part 2, March 26–27. Los Angeles, Calif.
Abbreviations
In reference lists, please do not use abbreviations for the titles of numismatic or other journals (e.g., spell out Numismatic Chronicle instead of NC).
Transliteration
It is possible to include small amounts of text in most non-Roman writing systems (e.g., Greek, Arabic, and Armenian); this is particularly suitable for coin legends in primary publications of coin types. Transliteration is encouraged in other contexts, such as bibliographic items (except where transliteration will not be adequate for finding the item in a library).
Transliterations do not have to follow a single rigid scheme; the author may choose the best method for the purposes of the article. Clarity may sometimes be more important than absolute consistency (e.g., when one transliteration of a word is less precise but more familiar in English, such as “Canton” rather than “Guangzhou” or “Athens” rather than “Ath?nai”). One useful source for transliteration systems may be found at the Library of Congress Web site, http://lcweb.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/roman.html.
Greek: Transliteration of classical Greek may use either Latinized spelling, a more literal transcription, or some mixture, as long as usage is clear and any given word is transliterated consistently. Transliteration of modern Greek should follow traditional values of the alphabet for published material (such as titles of works cited) but may follow pronunciation when referring to spoken or colloquial usage, at the author’s discretion (e.g., dhimotiki vs. d?motik?).
Russian and other languages using Cyrillic script: Various standard transliteration systems exist; a transliteration system that is precise yet does not require extensive use of diacritics or special characters is preferred.
Semitic languages and languages using Arabic script: Various standard transliteration systems exist for the major languages; any reasonably standard system will be acceptable. If it should be necessary to submit a file in a font or character encoding that does not include all of the necessary transliteration characters (such as, for example, the conventions used for representing Arabic in ASCII for e-mail), please provide a key showing which properly typeset letters correspond to the substitute symbols used in the file. In Arabic, spelling of the definite article should normally follow written use of “l,” rather than the assimilation to initial apical consonants as pronounced. As with modern Greek, transliteration should generally follow spelling rather than vernacular pronunciation, except where referring to spoken or colloquial usage. However, if a nonstandard transliteration of a place or personal name is usual in the literature, it may be preferable to follow that spelling for clarity.
Chinese: In general, the Pinyin system is preferred, especially for articles pertaining to the People’s Republic of China. Wade-Giles transliteration (or other traditional renditions) may be considered more suitable, however, for articles pertaining to the Republic of China, including the 1912–1949 period.